Comments: The root should be distinguished from *pirVc:V q.v., although the two roots sometimes merge (cf. in Akhv.: North. Akhv., Tseg. ʕebec:e, Ratl. ʕeberc:e).
Comments: Medial -r- is absent in Avar, and must be secondary in PA (*ʔirχ:V- < *ʔinχ:Vr-). In Kar., besides t-erχ:eχ:- (reduplicated) 'to hang', cf. also k-erχ:- 'to put through'. In Avar cf. perhaps also hár-t- 'to sag, hang down'.
Comments: Av. paradigm B (xolbó-l,xalbá-l, Chad. šolbó-l,šalbá-l). Cf. also Akhv. Tseg., Tlan., Ratl. ešeb. The word for "near" in Cham. is a derivate of this root (esba-q:e). Note that the Av. lit. form here reflects *š-, while all other forms reflect *s; variation between *š and *s is typical for reflexes of *ś.
Meaning:1 female mountain goat 2 goat (less than 2 years old)
Avar:sum (Ants.) 1
Andian language:išom 2
Chamalal:ĩho (U.-Gakv.) 2
Tindi:hĩhab 2
Godoberi:išamu 2
Comments: Cf. also Cham. Gig. išan 'kid (less than 1 y. old). The PA form has a laryngeal prefix (as in a number of other cases). In Tind. a secondary metathesis of nasalisation occurred (hĩhab < *iham < *ʔišomu). Andian (Old Tind. or Cham.) > Inkh. išomu, Khvarsh. išamu 'young goat'.
Comments: In Usl. notation ítarḳo. In Av. -g- would be expected (cf. the Lak. and Inkh. forms); the final syllable must have been reinterpreted as a diminutive suffix (Av. -ḳo).
Comments: The And. form reflects "stem I" (with a not quite clear suffix or lexical component -qi-); Av. and Tind. reflect "stem II" (note the correspondence Av. χ:(ʷ) : And. χ(ʷ) typical for reflexes of the EC *χ(w) in tense words). There are several archaic derivates:
1) PA *χʷobu (*ʔiχʷobu) 'mill': Av. hobó (habí-l,habá-l, Chad. hubí-l,habá-l); And. iχʷob; Akhv. χʷaba; Cham. χʷab (Gig. χobu); Tind. χʷabu; Kar. χabu (Anch. χʷaba, Tok. hobu); Botl. χʷabu; Bagv. hʷab (Tlis. χʷab); God. χʷabu. Note that Av. here reveals a h-reflex (old dialectal variation of χ: and *χ > h).
2) PA *χʷor- (oblique base in the archaic paradigm of *χʷobu): Akhv. Tlan. plur. χel-ar, Kar. Anch. plur. χʷar-e, Bagv. (obl. stem) hʷar-.
Also derived from this root is Av. χ:árab 'meal, flour' (it could be united with PA *χʷor-, but the meaning and external evidence show that these are two different derivates).
Comments: The Av. word is a compound with a not quite clear second component; the simple root is well preserved in And. The Av. word is borrowed in many Andian languages (Akhv. ħužuruq̇:e, Cham. ħužruq̇:, Tind. ħužruq̇:) and Tsezian (Inkh. ħužruq̇, Gin. ʕužruq̇).
